Apparatus for the manufacture of coke.



' Patented May 27, I902.

P. NAEF.

APPARATUS FUR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE.

(Application filed may 1, 1900.)

3 Sheets-Sheet I.

(No Model.)

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Patented May 27; I902.

P. NAEF. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE.'

(Application filed May 1, 1900.)

3 8heets-$heet 2,

(N0 Model.)

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m.- 7u|,2|9. Patented ma 27, I902. P. NAEF. APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE.

(Application filed May 1, 1900.)

3 $heets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

I I u I I l l I I I [N VEN TOR Attorney THE xonms PETERS co, Puorcuma, wAsnmcrron, o, c.

Umrnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PAUL NAEF, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE.

SPECIFICATION forming part Of Letters Patent No. 701,219, dated May 27, 1902.

Original application filed September 7, 1897, Serial No. 650,761. Divided and this application filed May 1, 1900. Serial To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PAUL NAEF, of New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Coke; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. i

This invention relates to apparatus for manufacturing coke, the same being shown and described in my application for'patent for method of and apparatus for making coke, &c., Serial No. 650,761, filed September 7, 1897, of which this application is a division; and the object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus to produce coke or to coke coal in a single furnace in much larger quantities than has been done heretofore and on a scale commensurate with the requirements of a blast-furnace and to utilize the byproducts.

Further objects of the invention are to pro- Vide an apparatus to produce coke and the by-products of coal with a small waste of heat, so that the'heat units required for the distillation only are consumed, the remaining heat units being retained in the coke and gas; to increase the production of ammonia by the action of superheated steam on the coke in an incandescent state; to utilize the heat of the incandescent coke for producing steam and superheating the same; to make the coking of the coal and the cooling and loading of the coke wholly automatic; to manufacture fuel and illuminating gas, as well as tar, ammonia, and coke; to reduce the cost of plant investment and repairs per ton of coke, and to effect great economy in the cost of production and in the utilization of the byproducts.

Further objects of the invention are to construct the apparatus so as to utilize the nitrogenous components which are with ordinary coking processes left in the coke (and which represent usually more than fifty per cent. of the nitrogen contents of the coal) for the production of ammonia.

Another important object is to provide an (N0 model.)

apparatus by means of which to produce a coke with a low percentage of ashes and to avoid the combustion of coke in the coking apparatus, the heat necessary for the coking being supplied from a separate heating apparatus.

The coke-ovens heretofore used for coking coal to recover or utilize the by-products have disadvantages in that they are very costly, requiring considerable repair and producing a very limited amount of coke per oven. My process and apparatus are designed to obviate all these disadvantages and objections and to obtain the results hereinbefore stated by a new method' of supplying all or a part of the heat necessary for the distillation of the coal by passing incandescent gases through the material to be heated and coked. These gases are produced in a separate gas-produceror furnace, as shown in Figure 1. The incandescent gases pass through a column of coking material to the top,where they escape, carrying tar and ammonia and at a temperature not much higher than is necessary to prevent condensation of tar. As the coke is subjected to considerable pressure during its formation, this process is adapted and specially devised for the manufacture of metallurgical coke.

In the accompanying drawings, Figs. 1 and 4c are vertical sections of a coking apparatus with gas-producer in section. Figs. 2 and 3 are vertical sections at right angles to each other, illustrating a further modification and showing a water seal for'the bottom of the coking-chamber. Fig. 5 shows the coking apparatus as arranged it the coking is effected by air.

The coking apparatus is composed of a coking-chamber 1, having a suitable mechanical feed 2 on the top, which is supplied with fine fuel from the hopper 3, which is charged by any suitable mechanical means, and of a cooling-chamber 4 below said coking-chamber. At the juncture of'the coking and cooling chambers the diameter of the apparatus is contracted, and the wall of the apparatus forms an incline 5 for the passage of the material downward into the cooling-chamber 4:- A circular channel or flue 6 surrounds the contracted portion of the apparatus and is connected with the coking-chamber 1 by a radial series of ducts 7. Hot gases from the gas-producer 8, without previously burning the same, are under pressure driven through the circular channel 6 and throughthe ducts 7 into the coking-chamber. The hot gases pass upward through the column of material in the coking-chamber and escape with ammonia and tar and at a temperature not much higher than is necessary to prevent condensation of'tar through pipe 9. -Then they are conducted to a suitable washing apparatus (not shown) to remove tar'and then to a similar apparatus to remove ammonia. After the coke has passed through the contracted portion of the apparatus it descends in the lower or cooling chamber, where it is treated with steam introduced through the pipes 10, and, finally, it is completely cooled by injecting water into the lower part of the cooling-chamber by the pipes 11.

The entire coking apparatus is supported on columns 12. v v

The bottom of theapparatus has a depending funnel 13, provided with transverse sliding doors l4, operated by rack and pinion 15. Crushing-rollers'lti are located in the lower partof the funnel-base below said doors, so thatthe coke can be broken up and discharged .onto the bottom slopes in a suitable condition.

As the fine coking material offers considerable resistance to the passage of the gas, itis an importantfeature of this coking apparatus that the gas or gas and steam enter at such a height thatthe resistance to its passage in an upward and in a downward direction is about the same, so that the coke can be withdrawn without escape of gas or steam. I

The gas-producer forsupplying hot gas for the coking apparatus is also erected on iron columnslS. It has a funnel-bottomlt), provided with sliding doors 20 for the discharge of ash and cinders. Air under pressure is supplied by any suitable means through the pipe 21 to the circular channel 22, having the ducts 23, leading into the producer. .From thepipe21 depends a branch pipe 24, connected with one or more perforatedpipes 25, extending through the bottom of the producer-stack. Some blast is thus conducted to the lower part of the producer to prevent loss of fuel. VVater-pipes 26 and nozzles 27 are arranged at the top to spray water into the producer.

The means for charging the gas-producer 8 will now be described. They consist of a double hopper 28, having a cone bottom 29 forpthe upper hopper,suspended from the pipe 30, and a cone bottom for the lower hopper, suspended at the end of the pipe 31, in-- closing a water-pipe 32, which ends in they lower cone 33. The pipe 30 is attached to a lever 34.,and the pipe 31 is secured to a simi lar lever35. The bottom cone is hollow and has a bottomhead and is cooled by water flowing into it throughthe inner pipe 32 and then up between the said pipe and the supportingpipe 31 andout by the eduction-pipe 36.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, thereis shown a water seal for the bottomof the cooling-chamber, formed by an outer incasing wall 37, forming a tank around the bottom of the cooling-chamber, which is filled with water to a level above the bottom of the lower line of the wall 38 of the cooling-chamber sufficiently high to balance the gas-pressure within the coking apparatus. A coke-elevator 39, consisting of an endless chain of buckets operated by a driving-sprocket 40, passes down within this'iwa'terechamber and elevates the coke from the bottom thereof, thus removing the coke progressively and continuously without permitting the escape of gas from the apparatus.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows; Coal or coking material is elevated into the. fuel-hopper 3 and afterward discharged into the coking-chamber by means of the feeder 2. As the charge works downward it is subjected to a higher temperature until it reaches the maximum temperature near the twyers 7, through which the hot gas from the gas-producer 8 is forced. The gas-producer 8 is worked in such a way that gas leaves it,

at a temperature hot enough to effect. the coking in thecoking-chamber 1. After the coke has passed the twyers it enters the coolingchamber, where it is treated with steam, which is introduced by radially-arranged pipes 10. Ammonia is thusrecovered from the coke and water-gas produced, which.

mixes with the other gases and leaves the apparatus with the same on top. Finally, the coke is cooled with water introduced through pipes 11 and is discharged through the funnel and automatically screened and loaded.-

As previously mentioned, it is-animportant feature of the process to introduce gas and steam at such heights that coke can be withdrawn without escape of gas. By introducing waterinto the gas-producer through the water-pipes 26 and nozzles 27 the hot gases from the producer can be mixed with an amount of steam which can be regulated by the amount of. water introduced. The

mixture of steam and hot gas enters the coking apparatus continuously, and already in the upper part of said apparatus action of the steamon the nitrogenous compounds of the coke will take place. The gas thus produced will be richer in hydrogen.

As fuel for producing the heated gas required in the process solid or liquid fuel can be used. Gaseous fuel can also be used if it is previously heated.

It is an important feature ofthe process that when solid fuel is used in the separate producer the resulting ash does not contaminate the coke. i

A further important feature is that by applying my process blast-furnaces already built can be utilized for the production of coke, gas,-tar, and ammonia by introducing the blast at a higher level and rebuilding the bottom of the furnace, as shown in drawings.

The apparatus is usually built of such dimensions as to give the most favorable results with the coal which is to be used. IVith coal which furnishes large blocks of coke the lower end of the apparatus is made as wide as possible. The contraction of the diameter near the entrance of the gas is never made so great that it will interfere with the free descent of the charge. It is often of advantage to adapt the operation of the apparatus to the fuel which is to be used, so as to get the most favorable results. Instead of con tinuously charging and discharging it is sometimes of advantage to discharge and charge variable quantities periodically. When mechanical devices for charging and discharging alternately are in use, this can be carried out by running them at considerable speed during a certain period and afterward stopping them altogether or running them at a low speed for a period.

The apparatus can be used for carrying out the process of coking by hot or cold air described in my applications Serial Nos.668,7 7 9 and 668,780. In this case the annular channel of the coking apparatus is connected with an air-compressor, and if hot air is used suitable heaters are arranged between the compressor and coking apparatus, as shown in the above-mentioned applications. If a small volume of gas is required, the air supplied to the gas-producer is with advantage previously heated to a high temperature by conducting it through a suitable heater.

It is obvious, as the case may require, that the general construction of the apparatus can be varied to eifect the best results of the process without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Fig. 4: shows the air-compressor a supplying blast to the producer I). For the purpose of heating the blast supplied to producer I) is shown a gas-heater c in dotted lines, which is used when a gas containing only a small amount of nitrogen is required. For the purpose of keeping the heat as much as possible from the fuel-hopper there is shown an upper part of the producer I), which is filled with fuel. The coking is effected in the shaft, as before explained, the gas leaving and entering a recovery plant,which may consist of a cooler e and washer f.

Fig. 5shows the cokingapparatus d in connection with an air-compressing device a for supplying air. For the purpose of heating the blast before it enters the coking apparatus is shown a heater 0 in dotted lines, which is used when a gas containing a smallamount of nitrogen is required. The gas passes from the coking apparatus through the recovery plant, which may consist of a cooler e and washer f. For the purpose of facilitating the passage of the gas through the by-product plant and also through the coking plant a vacuum-blower g is with advantage used.

Having fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A coking apparatus consisting of a shaft provided at its lower end with a coke-outlet and having inlets for gaseous fluid, inlets for steam at a lower level than the gaseous-fluid inlet and inlets for water at a still lowerlevel all of said inlets being above the coke-outlet.

2. In a coking apparatus, the combination of a shaft having an outlet for by-products at its upper end and an outlet for coke at its lower end and means for feeding coking material downwardly through said shaft, of means for introducing heated fluid into the shaft at a considerable distance above the coke-outlet and means forinjectingsteaminto said shaft at a point below the gas-inlets and above the coke-outlet.

3. In a coking apparatus, the combination with a shaft or stack comprising a cokingchamberprovided with an outlet for by-prodnets, and a cooling chamber for coke below the coking-chamber having an outlet for coke at its lower end, of a hollow ring encircling the stack or shaft at the juncture of said chambers and communicating with the interior of said stack or shaft and means for introducing hot gas into said ring.

4. In a coking apparatus, the combination with a stack or shaft having an inlet for fuel and an outlet for by-products at its upper end and an outlet for coke at the lower end, said stack or shaft comprising upper and lower communicating chambers, of means for introducing hot gas at the juncture of said chamhers.

5. In a coking apparatus, the combination with a stack or shaft having an inlet forfuel and an outlet for by-products at its upper end and an outlet for coke at the lower end, said stack or shaft comprising upper and lower communicating chambers, of means for introducing hot gas at the juncture of said chambers and means for introducing steam and water into the lower chamber.

6. In a coking apparatus, the combination with a stack or shaft adapted to permit the free passage of fuel from top to bottom and having an outlet at its upper end for by-prodnets, of an .outlet hopper or funnel at the lower end of said stack or shaft, adjustable doors in said hopper and crushing devices in said hopper or funnel below the doors.

7. In a coking apparatus, the combination with a shaft provided at its upper end with an outlet for by-products and means for feeding material into the shaft, and provided at its intermediate portion with a series of twyers, of a separate heated combustible gas producer and means for conveying the heated combustible gas to said series of twyers, and

means for discharging coke from the lower end of the shaft, substantially as set forth.

8. In a coking apparatus, the combination the first into and through the second and I0 sprays for introducing liquid into said hot gas. In testimony whereof I have signed this of apart for coking fine coal, 2. part fortreatspecification in the presence of two subscribing the coke with steam and devices for crushing the matted coke as it leaves the apparatus.

9. The combination with two shafts filled with fuel, means for conducting hot gas from ing witnesses.

PAUL NAEF. Witnesses:

O. E. LANGDON, GERRIT SMITH. 

